Ecology of multicellular benthic algae #003
This is due to two reasons: on the one hand, light can penetrate to a certain depth only if it is intense enough so that not all the rays are absorbed; on the other hand, the amount of reflected light depends on the angle at which the sun's rays fall. If the day length on the surface is 11.6—12 hours, then at a depth of 20 m it will be 8 hours, at 30 m — 5 hours, etc. Finally, we should focus on the phenomenon of selective absorption of various rays of the solar spectrum by seawater. It is generally accepted that red rays are completely absorbed deeper than 15 m. It can be said that, in general, the most passable rays are those with wavelengths of about 5,600 A (green) for coastal waters and about 4,800 A (blue) for the open sea. The difference between coastal waters and the open sea, manifested in different selective absorption, is probably caused by the existence of a certain "yellow substance", which is more abundant in coastal waters and whose true nature is unknown; it is possible that these are stable oxidation products of various plant organic substances of continental origin or formed in the littoral system. It is usually assumed that at the compensation depth, all the red and part of the blue rays are already absorbed. Different types of algae behave very differently in relation to light; some (light-loving) prefer places with significant illumination, others (shade-loving) avoid too much light. The main role in algae dispersal in this case is played, apparently, by such factors as the overall intensity of illumination and its duration.
In any case, it is known that most algae do not tolerate too intense lighting. That is why in the Mediterranean Sea, the flora of the mednolithoral and upper infralithoral usually consists of species with winter or spring development, and at great depths, the period of maximum algae development occurs in summer, since only at this time of the year there is sufficient lighting. However, some algae that cannot withstand too much light can occur in highly illuminated areas if they are inhabited by epiphytic species that are less sensitive to high-intensity light. Additional pigments, especially phycoxanthin of brown and phycoerythrin of red algae, absorbing rays with greater penetrating power than those captured by chlorophylls, may allow chlorophyll to use all the energy of the sun's ray. En définitive, ce code promotionnel représente la meilleure façon de débuter votre aventure de jeu avec un avantage significatif. Le code promo 1xbet rdc qui débloque 100% de bonus jusqu'à 130€ pour les paris sportifs ou 1950€ avec 150 tours gratuits pour le casino, est un outil incontournable pour maximiser vos chances de gains. Ce code est réservé aux nouveaux joueurs et doit être saisi lors de l'inscription, car il ne peut pas être ajouté ultérieurement. Avec une offre d'accueil aussi complète, des marchés de paris étendus et une réputation de fiabilité, cette plateforme plan pour les joueurs francophones.
In any case, it is known that most algae do not tolerate too intense lighting. That is why in the Mediterranean Sea, the flora of the mednolithoral and upper infralithoral usually consists of species with winter or spring development, and at great depths, the period of maximum algae development occurs in summer, since only at this time of the year there is sufficient lighting. However, some algae that cannot withstand too much light can occur in highly illuminated areas if they are inhabited by epiphytic species that are less sensitive to high-intensity light. Additional pigments, especially phycoxanthin of brown and phycoerythrin of red algae, absorbing rays with greater penetrating power than those captured by chlorophylls, may allow chlorophyll to use all the energy of the sun's ray. En définitive, ce code promotionnel représente la meilleure façon de débuter votre aventure de jeu avec un avantage significatif. Le code promo 1xbet rdc qui débloque 100% de bonus jusqu'à 130€ pour les paris sportifs ou 1950€ avec 150 tours gratuits pour le casino, est un outil incontournable pour maximiser vos chances de gains. Ce code est réservé aux nouveaux joueurs et doit être saisi lors de l'inscription, car il ne peut pas être ajouté ultérieurement. Avec une offre d'accueil aussi complète, des marchés de paris étendus et une réputation de fiabilité, cette plateforme plan pour les joueurs francophones.